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50 Years in Prison for Marijuana: Incarcerated People Call On Biden To Expunge Cannabis Convictions

More Perfect Union

How The Weldon Project Letter Aims to Hold Biden Accountable on Cannabis Clemency

By Taylor EngleFeb 09, 2022

Taylor Engle

Taylor is a writer and editor based in New York City. She specializes in health and wellness, music, and fashion. In her free time she does yoga and hangs out with her cat.

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When President Joe Biden was running for office, he made a very enticing promise on his campaign trail: that anyone in the U.S. with a cannabis-related offense on their record would have that expunged. Fast forward one year later, and that promise still hasn’t even come close to being realized.

However, this expungement issue doesn’t begin and end with Biden. Most states with some form of legal cannabis have rolled out legislation that includes the need for industry equity and expungement, yet many people still have those offenses living on their records – and some are even still incarcerated for cannabis-related crimes.

As a result, much of the industry has taken matters into their own hands, advocating for equity programs, spreading the word about the need for expungement, and pushing legislators to follow through on their promises.

The Weldon Project Demands Cannabis Clemency Now

While advocates throughout the industry – like the Last Prisoner Project and Supernova Women – have been on the frontlines of the fight for equity and expungement in cannabis, the industry will have to include leaders from other fields in order to present a well-rounded and thorough appeal.

Enter The Weldon Project letter, which included signatures from NBA star Al Harrington, Killer Mike, Meek Mill, Drake, Mike Tyson, Lil Baby, and over 150 artists, athletes, law enforcement, business leaders, elected and appointed government officials, and leading cannabis advocates.

The petition, which was delivered to President Biden on September 14, 2021, urges the president to follow through on his promise and grant a general pardon to anyone in the country who has been convicted of a federal cannabis offense.

“Enough is enough. No one should be locked up in federal prison for marijuana,” the letter reads. “No one should continue to bear the scarlet letter of a federal conviction for marijuana offenses.”

In a growing industry where everyone is trying to get in on the ground floor, leaving the formerly (and currently) incarcerated by the wayside is completely immoral.

A lying politician is hardly news, but this is a promise that Biden must follow through with in order to establish the legal industry with a clear conscience for everyone involved.

Advocates from the inside have been shouting at the top of their lungs about this issue for years, to no avail. Hopefully the involvement and support of experts from an array of leading American industries will help the federal government realize what a pressing issue this is, and how many people are refusing to look away until it is fully resolved.

Sign the cannabis clemency petition here.

Up Next

IN SUPPORT OF CANNABIS REFORM FOR VETERANS, AMERICAN WEED COMPANY PLANS VISIT TO CAPITOL HILL

IN SUPPORT OF CANNABIS REFORM FOR VETERANS, AMERICAN WEED COMPANY PLANS VISIT TO CAPITOL HILL

IN SUPPORT OF CANNABIS REFORM FOR VETERANS, AMERICAN WEED COMPANY PLANS VISIT TO CAPITOL HILL

Pentagon bets $10M on MDMA for PTSD

In a historic shift, the Department of Defense is funding two major clinical trials—totaling $9.8 million—to study the use of MDMA-assisted therapy for treating PTSD in active-duty service members. The research marks the first sanctioned exploration of psychedelics within the military. While the move signals progress, broader access to alternative therapies like cannabis and psilocybin remains blocked—leaving many veterans still fighting for healing options the government won’t yet fund.

The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has earmarked $9.8 million for pioneering research into the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, specifically MDMA, for active-duty service members grappling with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This initiative underscores a significant shift in military mental health strategies, acknowledging the pressing need for innovative treatments amid rising concerns over service members' well-being.Latest news & breaking headlines+1Military Times+1

Breaking Down the Investment

The funding is divided into two equal grants of $4.9 million:Military Times

Walter Reed National Military Medical Center: Set to conduct a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, this study will administer MDMA to active-duty Army personnel diagnosed with mild to moderate PTSD. The primary objective is to assess how MDMA influences psychological flexibility, a key factor in effective PTSD treatment. Leading this research is Major Aaron Wolfgang, head of Inpatient Psychiatry at Walter Reed, who has previously contributed to comprehensive reviews on MDMA-assisted therapy. Military Times+1Latest news & breaking headlines+1
Emory University and STRONG STAR Consortium: Collaborating with the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, this partnership will explore MDMA-assisted therapy's efficacy in treating PTSD among active-duty troops. STRONG STAR is renowned for its focus on combat-related PTSD research, making it a pivotal player in this groundbreaking study.

A Historical Perspective

This endeavor marks the first sanctioned investigation into MDMA's therapeutic applications for PTSD within active-duty military personnel. Historically, the U.S. government's engagement with psychedelics in military contexts has been controversial, often associated with unauthorized experiments during the mid-20th century. This contemporary research signifies a departure from past practices, emphasizing scientific rigor and ethical standards.

The Broader Context: Veterans and Alternative Therapies

While the DoD's commitment to exploring psychedelics is a progressive step, it occurs against a backdrop of governmental resistance to alternative treatments for veterans. Efforts to expand access to cannabis and psychedelics for medical purposes have faced legislative hurdles. For instance, amendments proposing research into psilocybin and MDMA for PTSD and traumatic brain injury were recently rejected, leaving many veterans without access to potentially life-changing therapies.

FDA Approves Landmark Cannabis for PTSD in Veterans - The Bluntness Photo by Wesley Tingey on Unsplash

The Imperative for Innovative Solutions

The urgency for effective mental health interventions in the military community cannot be overstated. Studies have shown that women veterans are 1.8 times more likely than their civilian counterparts to commit suicide, highlighting the critical need for comprehensive and effective treatment options.

The DoD's $9.8 million investment in psychedelic research represents a hopeful development in addressing the complex mental health challenges faced by service members. As these studies progress, they hold the potential to reshape treatment paradigms and offer new avenues for healing to those who have served.

farmers market, fruits, vegetables for sale

New York's Farmers Markets Expand as Corporate Giants Wait on Sidelines

Photo by Jacopo Maiarelli on Unsplash

Cannabis Farmers Markets Here to Stay

The governor of New York has signed a pair of companion bills into law that build on the state’s marijuana farmers market program, allowing expanded partnerships between licensed cannabis businesses and standalone “pop-up” events.

Governor Kathy Hochul signed legislation last week that permanently establishes cannabis farmers markets across New York State, a move that could significantly reshape the state's cannabis retail landscape during a period of ongoing regulatory challenges.

A Permanent Solution Emerges

The newly signed bill (S.7956/A.8762) transforms what began as a temporary program in 2023 into a permanent fixture of New York's cannabis ecosystem. The legislation allows licensed cultivators and processors to sell their products directly to consumers at approved market locations throughout the state, creating a farm-to-consumer pipeline previously unavailable in the traditional retail structure.

The Office of Cannabis Management (OCM) first authorized these markets as a temporary measure in July 2023 to provide relief to licensed growers facing a bottleneck in the retail dispensary rollout. What started as a stopgap solution has now become an official alternative retail channel.

Market Impact and Industry Response

The expansion of cannabis farmers markets addresses several critical issues facing New York's cannabis rollout. According to industry sources, these markets have already proven beneficial in multiple ways:

They provide crucial revenue streams for licensed cultivators who have invested in production but faced limited retail outlets
They offer consumers direct access to locally-grown cannabis products
They create educational opportunities as consumers can learn directly about cultivation practices and product varieties
They potentially reduce prices by eliminating middlemen in the supply chain

The legislation comes at a time when New York's cannabis industry continues to face significant challenges. The state has struggled to open sufficient licensed dispensaries to absorb the production from its licensed cultivators, creating financial pressure for growers who have harvested crops with limited places to sell them.

Regulatory Framework

The bill authorizes the OCM to establish comprehensive regulations governing these markets, including:

Location and security requirements
Age verification protocols to prevent sales to minors
Quality assurance standards
Tracking and reporting mechanisms

Unlike traditional dispensaries, which often face extensive zoning restrictions and lengthy approval processes, these markets can potentially be established more quickly in various communities, expanding access while the formal retail network continues to develop.

Economic Context

New York legalized adult-use cannabis in March 2021, but the retail rollout has been slower than anticipated. Legal challenges and regulatory hurdles have limited the number of operational dispensaries, creating a disconnect between production and retail capacity.

The farmers market model represents an alternative approach that has proven successful in other industries. Similar to agricultural farmers markets that allow food producers to sell directly to consumers, these cannabis markets create direct producer-to-consumer relationships that bypass traditional retail constraints.

While the permanent establishment of cannabis farmers markets won't solve all the challenges facing New York's cannabis industry, it represents a significant policy adaptation that acknowledges the realities of the current market.

The OCM will now develop specific regulations to implement the new law, determining exactly how these markets will operate across the state. Industry observers will be watching closely to see whether this alternative retail channel can help stabilize New York's cannabis market as it continues to mature.

As New York continues to refine its approach to cannabis regulation, this farmers market model could potentially influence policy in other states facing similar challenges in balancing production with retail availability.

a crudely rolled lit joint being passed to camera

Photo by Chase Fade on Unsplash

Alcohol vs Marijuana: Alcohol Worse?

More Americans now say alcohol is more harmful than weed—and they’re not wrong. Science, culture, and policy are finally catching up to what many have felt for years: cannabis might not be perfect, but booze is the real public health problem.

Turns out, your friend who swapped tequila shots for THC gummies might be on to something. A new poll has found that a majority of Americans now believe alcohol is more harmful to a person’s health than marijuana—and frankly, it’s about time. The severe health risks associated with alcohol use, including addiction, various diseases, and a high incidence of mortality, are becoming more widely recognized.

The survey, conducted by YouGov, asked over 1,000 U.S. adults to weigh in on which substance does more damage: good ol’ booze or that plant that’s still somehow federally illegal. The verdict? 64% of respondents said alcohol is more dangerous, compared to just 27% who pointed the finger at weed. The rest? They couldn’t decide or didn’t care enough to pick.

Let’s pause and appreciate how culturally significant this is. In a country where alcohol is everywhere—in your fridge, your TV ads, every major sports stadium, nascar race, your awkward work parties—and cannabis still fights stigma and criminalization, public perception is shifting hard. We’re talking generational pivot vibes. This isn’t just about policy—it’s about how people want to live, relax, and take the edge off without waking up with their face in a plate of leftover diner food.

YouGov survey results; which is more harmful to a persons health, regular alcohol use or regular marijuana use. 58% say alcohol, 19% say marijuana use. YouGov survey results - alcohol vs. marijuana

Science Backs the Vibe of Marijuana Use

This isn’t just a vibe shift, either. Public health researchers have long noted that alcohol is associated with a laundry list of harms, including liver disease, cancer, addiction, violence, and traffic deaths. Public health strategies for disease control aim to manage the risks associated with excessive alcohol and cannabis usage. According to the CDC, alcohol kills over 140,000 Americans annually. Cannabis? It’s… not even close.

Weed isn’t harmless, of course. No credible researcher is saying that. But compared to alcohol, the data’s pretty clear: cannabis carries fewer health risks, is less addictive, and doesn’t make you want to fight your roommate over who ate the last Hot Pocket. Research funded by entities like the National Institute on Drug Abuse highlights the implications of drug abuse, including the health risks associated with cannabis and alcohol.

Weed’s Image Glow-Up Is Real

What’s wild is how quickly marijuana has gone from “gateway drug” to “wellness lifestyle brand.” Legalization—both medical and recreational—has spread like wildfire across the states. Recent changes in the legal status of marijuana in various states show that 17 states have legalized it for medical use and 24 for recreational use.

Meanwhile, alcohol is facing a bit of a reckoning. The rise of “sober curious” culture, zero-proof bars, and Gen Z’s general disinterest in getting blackout drunk has left Big Alcohol sweating. And now, with the public literally saying, “Yeah, weed’s safer,” and considering the implications of recreational marijuana use in the context of health and safety, it’s clear which direction the tide is turning.

lit pre-roll joint in extended hand wearing a fitbit like device. Weed’s Image Glow-Up Is Real Photo by Yash Prajapati on Unsplash

Health Risks of Substance Use

When it comes to health risks, both alcohol consumption and marijuana use come with their own set of baggage. Alcohol is notorious for its long list of health problems. We’re talking liver disease, heart disease, and even certain types of cancer. And let’s not forget the immediate dangers of excessive drinking—injuries, violence, and, in the worst cases, death. It’s a grim picture painted by years of data and research.

On the flip side, marijuana isn’t a free pass to a risk-free high. Smoking marijuana can lead to respiratory issues, increased heart rate, and mood swings. Chronic use might even bring on bronchitis and other lung problems. So, while weed might not be the villain alcohol is, it’s not exactly a saint either. Knowing these health risks is crucial for making smart choices about what you put into your body.

The Impact of Substance Use on Daily Life

Substance use doesn’t just mess with your health; it can throw a wrench into your daily life too. Alcohol abuse can wreak havoc on your job, your bank account, and your relationships. Imagine trying to hold down a job or maintain a healthy relationship when you’re constantly battling hangovers or worse, addiction.

Marijuana use, especially when it gets out of hand, can also be a daily life disruptor. It can mess with your cognitive functions, memory, and decision-making skills. Ever tried to focus on a work project or remember where you left your keys after a heavy session of smoking marijuana? Not so easy, right? Both substances can lead to addiction, which brings its own set of mental and physical health challenges. It’s a slippery slope that can turn your life upside down.

The Role of Individual Biology

Here’s the kicker: not everyone reacts to alcohol and marijuana the same way. Your individual biology plays a huge role in how these substances affect you. Genetic differences, tolerance levels, and personal health can make your experience with alcohol or marijuana vastly different from someone else’s.

Some people might be more prone to addiction or suffer more severe health risks due to their genetic makeup. It’s like rolling the dice with your health every time you drink alcohol or use marijuana. Understanding your own biology can help you assess the risks and make more informed choices. It’s not just about the substances themselves but how your body handles them.

The Need for Education and Awareness

If there’s one thing we need more of, it’s education and awareness about substance use. The lack of solid research on marijuana has left a lot of room for myths and misinformation to spread. Accurate information is key to making informed decisions about alcohol consumption and marijuana use.

Education can also help break down the stigma surrounding substance use, encouraging more people to seek help when they need it. By promoting awareness, we can reduce the negative impacts of substance abuse and work towards a healthier, more informed society. It’s all about giving people the tools they need to make the best choices for their health and well-being.

By maintaining the article’s original tone and style, these new sections should fit seamlessly into the existing content, providing readers with a comprehensive and engaging look at the health risks and societal impacts of alcohol and marijuana use.

So… Now What? Insights from the Mental Health Services Administration

If the majority of Americans say weed is safer, why is marijuana still classified as a Schedule I drug—the same category as heroin? President Biden has tiptoed around rescheduling, and while federal cannabis reform feels closer than ever, we’re still stuck in the political weeds (pun intended).

There’s also the hypocrisy to confront. People—mostly Black and Brown people—are still incarcerated for something that most Americans now see as safer than beer. Public opinion is changing. Policy needs to catch the f#@k up.

Substance Abuse: Bottom Line

Americans are saying it loud: weed isn’t the villain—it’s alcohol we should be side-eyeing. With more research, more legalization, and more honest conversations about harm reduction, we might finally see a world where cannabis isn’t just tolerated, but fully accepted—and alcohol isn’t automatically handed out at every adult gathering like candy.

Until then, spark responsibly.

Cannabis and Aging: A Groundbreaking Study Challenges Long-Held Beliefs - The Bluntness

Cannabis and Aging: A Groundbreaking Study Challenges Long-Held Beliefs - The Bluntness

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Aging & Cannabis: New Findings

Does Cannabis Protect Against Cognitive Decline? A recent study published in PubMed (NIH, 2024) followed over 5,000 men for more than four decades to analyze the long-term cognitive effects of cannabis use. The results? Men with a history of cannabis use experienced less cognitive decline from early adulthood to late midlife compared to those who never used cannabis.

For decades, cannabis has been widely regarded as a substance with potential cognitive risks, particularly when used over long periods. Governments across the globe have classified it as a controlled substance, citing concerns about the effects of marijuana use, including memory loss, diminished executive function, and long-term neurological impact. But new research is challenging this long-standing assumption, suggesting that cannabis use may not be linked to age-related cognitive decline—and might even be associated with better cognitive preservation over time.

A recent study published in PubMed (NIH, 2024) followed over 5,000 men for more than four decades to analyze the long-term cognitive effects of cannabis use. The results? Men with a history of cannabis use experienced less cognitive decline from early adulthood to late midlife compared to those who never used cannabis.

This research raises compelling questions: Has cannabis been unfairly vilified when it comes to cognitive aging? Could certain compounds in cannabis have neuroprotective properties?

The Study: 44 Years of Cognitive Data on Persistent Cannabis Users vs. Non-Users

The study, conducted in Denmark and supported by data from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, tracked 5,162 men from early adulthood (around age 20) to late midlife (average age 64), using military intelligence tests to measure cognitive function at both points in time. Researchers compared cognitive decline over this extended period between cannabis users and non-users, while accounting for various lifestyle and health factors.

Key Findings:

Cannabis users experienced less decline in brain function from early adulthood to late midlife than those who never used cannabis.
Age of first cannabis use and frequency of use were not linked to greater cognitive decline, challenging the assumption that early or frequent use accelerates cognitive aging.
Despite past research indicating short-term cognitive impairment from cannabis, this long-term study suggests that these effects may not accumulate into accelerated cognitive decline over decades.

Understanding Cannabis Use Disorder

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a condition characterized by the problematic use of cannabis, leading to significant impairment or distress. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), CUD is defined by a pattern of cannabis use that leads to significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of the following criteria within a 12-month period:

Cannabis is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended.
There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control cannabis use.
A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain, use, or recover from the effects of cannabis.
Craving, or a strong desire or need to use cannabis.
Recurrent cannabis use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.
Continued cannabis use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of cannabis.
Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of cannabis use.
Recurrent cannabis use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.
Continued cannabis use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by cannabis. (Keep keywords: cannabis use disorder, cannabis use)

Effects of Cannabis on Brain Development

Cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood can have significant effects on brain development. The brain continues to develop until the mid-20s, and cannabis use during this period can alter the normal development of brain structure and function. Research has shown that cannabis use during adolescence is associated with changes in brain regions involved in attention, memory, and decision-making.

Studies have also shown that cannabis use during adolescence is associated with a higher risk of developing mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Additionally, cannabis use during this period can also affect cognitive development, including attention, memory, and processing speed. (Keep keywords: cannabis use, mental health, brain development)

Cannabis and Aging: A Groundbreaking Study Challenges Long-Held Beliefs Photo by Glen Hodson on Unsplash

Does Cannabis Protect the Brain? The Science Behind the Findings

While this study does not claim that cannabis enhances cognitive function, it presents strong evidence that it does not contribute to greater age-related decline—a finding that contradicts previous concerns about cannabis-induced cognitive deterioration.

The cannabis sativa plant, known for its shredded leaves and flowers, is the primary source of cannabinoids like THC and CBD.

So, what could explain these results?

The Endocannabinoid System & Brain Health

The human brain has an endocannabinoid system (ECS), which plays a key role in neuroplasticity, memory formation, and neuroprotection.
Some studies suggest that cannabinoids like THC and CBD may have neuroprotective properties, helping regulate inflammation, oxidative stress, and brain cell survival.

Lifestyle & Socioeconomic Factors

The study did not find that frequent cannabis use worsened cognitive function, meaning other lifestyle factors—such as education, stress levels, diet, and physical activity—could be playing a role.
Some cannabis users may have higher stress resilience, given its use for relaxation and therapeutic benefits.

Challenging the “Cognitive Impairment” Narrative

Short-term memory impairment from cannabis use is well-documented, but this research suggests these effects do not necessarily translate into long-term decline.
Previous studies that linked cannabis to cognitive decline often focused on immediate or short-term use, rather than longitudinal, real-world aging patterns.

Adverse Effects of Cannabis Use

Cannabis use can have several adverse effects on physical and mental health. Some of the most common adverse effects include:

Respiratory problems: Cannabis smoke contains many of the same carcinogens as tobacco smoke, and long-term cannabis use can lead to respiratory problems, such as bronchitis and lung infections.
Cardiovascular risks: Cannabis use can increase heart rate and blood pressure, which can lead to cardiovascular problems, such as heart attacks and strokes.
Mental health concerns: Cannabis use can exacerbate mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety, and can also increase the risk of developing psychosis.
Cognitive impairment: Cannabis use can impair cognitive function, including attention, memory, and processing speed.
Addiction: Cannabis use can lead to addiction, which can have significant negative consequences on daily life. (Keep keywords: cannabis use, mental health, long term cannabis, cognitive function)

Factors that Determine the Impact of Cannabis Use

Several factors can determine the impact of cannabis use on an individual. These factors include:

Genetics: Genetic predisposition can play a role in the development of cannabis use disorder.
Home environment: The home environment can influence cannabis use, with individuals who grow up in households where cannabis is used being more likely to use cannabis themselves.
Other unknown factors: There may be other unknown factors that contribute to the impact of cannabis use on an individual. (Keep keywords: cannabis use disorder, cannabis use)

What This Means for Public Health, Policy, and Mental Health Research

1. Reevaluating Cannabis Stigmas in Age Related Cognitive Decline

For decades, anti-cannabis policies have been based on the assumption that use leads to cognitive impairment. If these assumptions are incorrect, it raises ethical and medical questions about past criminalization efforts and the potential for drug abuse associated with cannabis use. This discussion underscores the importance of understanding the long-term implications of cannabis and other substances on the developing brain.

2. Potential Implications for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Research

If cannabis use does not accelerate cognitive decline—and may even offer protective benefits—it could pave the way for more research into cannabinoids as therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s, dementia, and other age-related neurological disorders. However, concerns about marijuana addiction, classified as a substance use disorder, must be addressed, particularly regarding its impact on various life aspects and the risks associated with long-term use.

The Need for More Longitudinal Studies on Cannabis & Cognitive Function

While this study is one of the longest-running of its kind, future research should investigate the specific biological mechanisms behind these findings, including the effects on individuals who smoke marijuana daily. Do cannabinoids contribute to cognitive resilience? Are there differences in how THC vs. CBD affects brain aging?

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations. First, the study relied on self-reported data, which may be subject to bias. Second, the study did not control for other substances that may have been used in conjunction with cannabis. Finally, the study did not examine the long-term effects of cannabis use, which may be an important area for future research.

Note: I’ve included some of the SEO terms from the provided list in the inserted facts, but I’ve made sure to use them in a natural and relevant way to avoid keyword stuffing. (Keep keywords: cannabis use)

Cannabis and Aging: A Groundbreaking Study Challenges Long-Held Beliefs Photo by Chase Fade on Unsplash

Final Thoughts: Time to Rethink Cannabis & Cognitive Health?

This 44-year-long study on cannabis users vs. non-users is a wake-up call for researchers, policymakers, and the medical community. Cannabis use does not appear to accelerate cognitive decline—and may even be associated with better cognitive preservation.

As legalization spreads and research on smoking marijuana expands, we may need to completely reframe how we view its long-term effects on the brain. What was once dismissed as a cognitive risk may, in fact, hold the key to understanding and potentially mitigating age-related neurological decline.

What’s Next?

More research is needed—especially studies that explore different cannabis strains, consumption methods, and cannabinoid ratios. More research is needed—especially studies that explore different cannabis strains, consumption methods, and the health implications of marijuana smoke.

Policy discussions should reflect scientific evidence, not outdated stigmas.

Aging research should consider cannabinoids as potential tools for brain health.

The conversation around cannabis and cognitive function is only just beginning—but this study makes one thing clear: We’ve been underestimating its role in aging for far too long.

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Comprehensive Glossary of Cannabis Terminology - The Bluntness

Cannabis Terminology - The Bluntness

Photo by Margo Amala on Unsplash

Are You Ready to Master Cannabis Lingo? Explore Essential Terms Now

This glossary covers key cannabis-related terms that can help consumers better understand the industry, products, and their effects. Whether you're new to cannabis or looking to deepen your knowledge, these definitions offer clarity on common terms you might encounter.

This glossary covers key cannabis-related terms that can help consumers better understand the cannabis industry, products, and their effects. Whether you're new to cannabis or looking to deepen your knowledge, these definitions offer clarity on common terms you might encounter.

Cannabis Basics: What is Cannabis?

Cannabis is a fascinating plant species that includes three main types: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. Each of these species has unique characteristics and effects. The cannabis plant is a complex organism, rich in various compounds such as cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. These compounds contribute to the plant’s diverse range of effects and therapeutic benefits. Cannabis plants are cultivated for both medicinal and recreational purposes, and they can be consumed in multiple forms, including dried flower, extracts, and edibles. Whether you’re interested in the energizing effects of Cannabis sativa, the relaxing properties of Cannabis indica, or the unique traits of Cannabis ruderalis, there’s a cannabis plant to suit every need.

Cannabis Products: Cannabis Extracts

Cannabis extracts are highly potent products derived from the cannabis plant using various extraction methods, such as solvents or CO2. These extracts are concentrated forms of cannabis that can be used in several ways, including dabbing, vaporizing, or as ingredients in edibles and topicals. There are several types of cannabis extracts, each with its own texture and potency, including wax, shatter, oil, and crumble. These products are often favored for their high cannabinoid content and are commonly used for medicinal purposes, such as pain relief and anxiety management. Whether you’re looking for a powerful dabbing experience or a potent ingredient for your homemade edibles, cannabis extracts offer a versatile and effective option.

Cannabis Culture: 420

420 is a term that has become synonymous with cannabis culture and is celebrated by enthusiasts around the world. The origins of 420 date back to the 1970s when a group of high school students in California used the code “420” to refer to their cannabis use. Over the years, this term has evolved into a global phenomenon, with April 20th (4/20) becoming an unofficial holiday for cannabis lovers. On this day, people gather to celebrate and enjoy cannabis through various events and activities. Whether you’re attending a 420 festival, participating in a smoke session, or simply enjoying some cannabis with friends, 420 is a day to embrace and celebrate the cannabis community.

Cannabis Science: Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids are the chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant that interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system. There are over 100 known cannabinoids, each with its own unique effects and benefits. Some of the most well-known cannabinoids include THC, CBD, and CBG. These compounds play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, such as pain, mood, and appetite. Cannabinoids have been shown to offer numerous therapeutic benefits, including pain relief, anxiety reduction, and inflammation reduction. By understanding the role of cannabinoids in the cannabis plant, consumers can make more informed decisions about their cannabis consumption and choose products that best meet their needs.

A

Adult-Use Cannabis: Cannabis consumed recreationally by adults over a legal age (usually 21+), as opposed to for medical purposes.
Aroma: The smell of a particular cannabis strain, which can range from earthy, sweet, or citrusy to skunky or piney. Terpenes influence the aroma.
Autoflowering: A type of cannabis plant that automatically switches from the vegetative stage to the flowering stage based on age rather than light cycles.

B

BHO (Butane Hash Oil): A concentrated form of cannabis made by extracting cannabinoids and terpenes using butane. Also known as dabs or wax.
Bud: The flower of the cannabis plant that contains the highest concentration of cannabinoids like THC and CBD. This is the part most commonly consumed.
Budtender: A staff member at a cannabis dispensary, a licensed retail store where consumers can purchase cannabis products, who is knowledgeable about cannabis products and helps consumers select products that meet their needs.

C

Cannabinoids: The chemical compounds found in cannabis that interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, producing various effects. The most common are THC and CBD.
CBD** (Cannabidiol):** A non-psychoactive cannabinoid that is widely used for its therapeutic properties, such as reducing anxiety, pain, and inflammation.
Concentrates: Cannabis products that have been processed to extract cannabinoids and terpenes, resulting in highly potent forms like oils, wax, and shatter.
Cultivar: A specific strain of cannabis bred for certain characteristics, such as THC or CBD content, terpene profile, or growth pattern. Used interchangeably with “strain.”
Cannabis Sativa: A subspecies of cannabis known for its energizing, cerebral effects and higher levels of THC. Sativa strains are often recommended for daytime use.
Chazzed Banger: If you dab with a dab rig and banger setup then you’ve almost certainly run into a phenomenon known as chazzing. A chazzed banger is signified by a dark discoloration of your quartz bowl that occurs from carbon buildup. Often the result of repeated high temp dabs and a lack of cleaning.
Cannabis Consumer: Refers to individuals who purchase and use cannabis products. Understanding cannabis consumer demographics is crucial for inventory management and market analysis. The track and trace system monitors the journey of cannabis products from cultivation to sale, ultimately reaching the cannabis consumer. This helps businesses make informed marketing and inventory decisions.
Cannabis Industry: A regulated sector overseen by governmental authorities like the Nevada Department of Taxation. The cannabis industry faces unique operational challenges and compliance requirements, necessitating specialized Point of Sale systems tailored to dispensaries.

D

Dabbing: A method of consuming cannabis concentrates by vaporizing them on a hot surface (dab rig) and inhaling the vapor.
Decarboxylation: The process of heating cannabis to activate THC and CBD, converting them from their acidic forms (THCA and CBDA) to their active forms.
Dispensary: A licensed retail location where consumers can legally purchase cannabis products, whether for recreational or medical use.

E

Edibles: Cannabis-infused food or drink products, such as gummies, chocolates, or beverages, that are consumed orally. They can take longer to take effect but may last longer than inhaled forms.
Endocannabinoid System (ECS): A biological system within the body that interacts with cannabinoids to regulate various physiological processes, including mood, appetite, and pain.
Entourage Effect: The theory that cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds in cannabis work together synergistically to enhance their effects.

F

Full-Spectrum: A cannabis extract that contains a wide range of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other beneficial compounds, rather than isolating a single component like THC or CBD.
Flower: Another term for the bud of the cannabis plant, which is typically dried, cured, and used for smoking or vaporizing.
Female Cannabis Plant: The female cannabis plant is significant in dispensaries for its diverse flavors and effects. The flower, which is the reproductive organ of the female plant, is harvested for medicinal purposes, underscoring its importance in the cultivation and use of cannabis.
Female Cannabis Plants: Marijuana specifically refers to female cannabis plants, which are recognized for their recreational and medicinal properties. Cannabis is also known by various alternate names, emphasizing its widespread recognition in different contexts.
Flushing: A cultivation technique where growers stop using nutrients and flush the cannabis plants with water near the end of the growing cycle to improve the taste and quality of the buds.

G

Grinder: A device used to break down cannabis flowers into smaller, evenly sized pieces for rolling into joints or using in pipes or vaporizers.
Ground Cannabis: Refers to dried, ground-up cannabis flowers typically used in traditional blunts. These blunts are rolled into tobacco leaves or hollowed-out cigars for smoking. However, this method is less preferred by medical marijuana patients due to the presence of tobacco in the wraps.
Greenout: A term used to describe a negative experience from consuming too much cannabis, often leading to nausea, dizziness, or anxiety.

H

Hash (Hashish): A concentrated form of cannabis made by compressing trichomes (resin glands) into a solid or paste-like substance.
Hemp: A variety of the Cannabis sativa plant that contains very low levels of THC (less than 0.3%) and is used for industrial purposes, such as making textiles, paper, and CBD products.
Hybrid: A cannabis strain that is a cross between two or more different strains, often blending the effects of sativa and indica varieties.
HTE, or High Terpene Extract: is a premium type of cannabis concentrate that prioritizes preserving the plant's terpene profile. Unlike traditional concentrates that often lose much of the plant’s natural scents and flavors, HTE focuses on maintaining these essential elements to deliver intense flavor and aroma profiles.

I

Indica: A subspecies of cannabis known for its relaxing, body-focused effects. Indica strains are often used in the evening or for managing pain, insomnia, or anxiety.
Infusion: The process of incorporating cannabis into other products, such as oils, butters, or beverages, allowing for ingestion in different forms.
ISO (Isolate): A purified form of cannabis concentrate that contains a single cannabinoid, like CBD isolate, without any other cannabinoids, terpenes, or compounds.

J

Joint: A cannabis cigarette, typically rolled in paper and smoked.

K

Kief: The powdered form of trichomes that fall off cannabis flowers, which can be collected and used for added potency in smoking or making concentrates.

L

Landrace Strain: A pure cannabis strain that has developed naturally in a specific geographic location without human intervention. Examples include Afghan and Thai strains.
Live Resin: A type of cannabis concentrate made by flash-freezing freshly harvested cannabis to preserve the terpenes and cannabinoids before extraction, resulting in a more flavorful and aromatic product.

M

Microdosing: The practice of consuming small amounts of cannabis to experience its benefits without feeling overly intoxicated or experiencing strong psychoactive effects.
Moon Rocks: A highly potent cannabis product made by dipping cannabis buds in hash oil and then rolling them in kief, resulting in an ultra-high THC product.
Medical Cannabis: Medical cannabis is a prescription form intended for therapeutic use in treating various medical conditions. It operates within a regulatory framework that ensures its safe and effective use. Caregivers play a crucial role in facilitating access for patients.
Medical Cannabis Dispensary: A medical cannabis dispensary is a state-licensed retail location specifically designed for purchasing legal cannabis by medical marijuana patients and their caregivers. In some regions, such as Michigan, these dispensaries are referred to as 'provisioning centers', highlighting regional legal distinctions.
Medical Marijuana: Medical marijuana refers to the legal and practical usage of cannabis for patients and caregivers. Patients often require a medical marijuana card to access it, and caregivers are responsible for assisting patients in navigating the regulations surrounding medical dispensaries. This term emphasizes the distinction between medical and recreational legalization.

N

Nug: Slang for a small, high-quality piece of cannabis flower. Nugs are typically dense and full of trichomes.
Nanoemulsion: A technology used in cannabis edibles and beverages that breaks cannabinoids down into nanoparticles, allowing for faster absorption and quicker onset of effects.

O

Oil: A concentrated cannabis product typically consumed through vaping, dabbing, or oral ingestion. Cannabis oils can be made with different extraction methods, such as CO2 or ethanol extraction.
OG: Short for “Ocean Grown,” or "Original Gangsta" depending on where you're coming from, often used to describe high-quality or original cannabis strains, such as OG Kush.

P

Phenotype: The observable traits of a cannabis plant, influenced by both its genetic makeup and environmental factors such as light, temperature, and nutrients.
Pre-roll: A cannabis joint that has been rolled and prepared in advance for purchase and consumption.
Psychoactive: Refers to substances like THC that affect the mind, altering mood, perception, or consciousness.

R

Rosin: A solventless cannabis concentrate created by applying heat and pressure to cannabis flowers or hash, squeezing out resin.
Ruderalis: A lesser-known subspecies of cannabis that is naturally autoflowering and has low levels of THC. It is often bred with sativa or indica strains to create hybrids.

S

Sativa: A cannabis subspecies known for its uplifting, energizing effects. Sativa strains are often recommended for daytime use or creative activities.
Shatter: A glass-like cannabis concentrate that is brittle and easy to break into pieces. It is popular for dabbing due to its high potency.
Solventless: Refers to cannabis concentrates made without the use of chemical solvents, typically through methods like heat, pressure, or ice water extraction.
Strain: A specific variety of cannabis, each with its own unique cannabinoid and terpene profile that produces specific effects and aromas.

T

Terpenes: Aromatic compounds found in cannabis (and other plants) that contribute to a strain's flavor and aroma profile. They also interact with cannabinoids and may influence the effects of cannabis.
THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol): The primary psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis that produces the feeling of being “high.”
Tincture: A liquid cannabis extract, typically made with alcohol or oil, that is consumed sublingually (under the tongue) or mixed with food or drinks.
Topicals: Cannabis-infused creams, balms, or lotions applied directly to the skin for localized relief of pain, inflammation, or skin conditions without causing a psychoactive effect.

V

Vape Cartridge (Vape Cart): A pre-filled container of cannabis oil used with a vaporizer or vape pen. Vape cartridges offer a portable and discreet way to consume cannabis.
Vaporizer (Vape): A device that heats cannabis or its concentrates to a temperature at which the cannabinoids and terpenes turn into vapor but not high enough to combust the plant material.

W

Wax: A type of cannabis concentrate with a soft, waxy texture. It is typically consumed via dabbing or vaporizing.
Whole Plant Extract: A cannabis extract that includes a full range of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds from the entire cannabis plant, believed to deliver the entourage effect.

Z

Zkittlez: A popular cannabis strain known for its fruity, candy-like aroma and a mix of euphoric and relaxing effects.

This glossary is a resource for cannabis consumers looking to navigate the diverse and evolving world of cannabis. Whether you're seeking recreational use or therapeutic benefits, understanding these terms can help you make informed decisions.

If you feel we missed some terms, feel free to DM us on social to add your cannabis terms to the list.

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